Environmental restorative justice and corporate responsibility: towards a model of comprehensive reparation within the framework of the new European Directive
Abstract
This article explores the potential of restorative justice as a legal response to environmental crimes, with particular emphasis on the corporate sphere. Drawing on international, European, and Spanish legal frameworks, it examines the limitations of the traditional criminal justice system and proposes restorative mechanisms focused on comprehensive victim reparation, community participation, and institutional transformation. The article also addresses the methodological and transnational challenges of implementation, highlighting the need for effective articulation between criminal and restorative justice in environmental context. It concludes that restorative justice represents a legitimate and transformative path toward more humane, inclusive, and sustainable models of corporate responsibility.
Received: 23.09.2025
Accepted: 16.12.2025
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Last update: 08/02/2022
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