Corporate criminal liability and environmental crimes: the role of risk maps
Abstract
Corporate criminal liability and environmental crime are closely linked in practice. Companies can often cause environmental hazards and damage. The requirement that companies have an environmental compliance program requires an understanding of the difficulties that exist in the regulatory field of environmental protection. This area of law combines complex offenses with administrative regulations and sanctions. Risk maps are at the heart of these compliance programs, and if effective, they can effectively determine the exemption or reduction of the penalty applicable to the company. This paper analyzes all these issues, focusing on the three phases that comprise the environmental risk map: identification, assessment, and management.
Received: 23.09.2025
Accepted: 16.12.2025
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Last update: 08/02/2022
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