Legal protection against dismissal in the 2030 Agenda as a guarantee of decent work (SDG 8) and its impact on workers’ mental health (SDG 3)
Abstract
This research examines the legal regime of dismissal from an international perspective and its connection with the 2030 Agenda, especially SDG 8 (decent work) and SDG 3 (health and well-being, including mental health). The methodology is legal-dogmatic and interpretative, focused on international instruments–primarily ILO Convention No. 158 and the European Social Charter–and their incorporation into domestic legal systems, with particular attention to Spain and the use of conventionality control. The study contrasts two models of protection against dismissal: a compensation-based model, which in practice tolerates unjustified dismissal in exchange for monetary remedies, and a strengthened model that prioritises causation and reinstatement. Finally, it reviews the successive labour reforms enacted in Spain, starting from the flexicurity approach, job stability and effective safeguards against arbitrary dismissal are considered as essential conditions for both decent work and the protection of mental health.
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
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Last update: 08/02/2022
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